Absolute Beginner Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

Absolute Beginner Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns Your learners have now learned some basic vocabulary, simple positive and negative statements with to be, as well as questions. Now you can introduce the possessive adjectives my, your, his, and her. It is best to stay away from its at this point. You can work on getting students to know each other by using their names for this exercise, before going on to objects. Teacher: (Model a question to yourself changing places in the room, or changing your voice to indicate that you are modeling. ) Is your name Ken? Yes, my name is Ken. (stress your and my - repeat a few times) Teacher: Is your name Ken? (ask a student) Student(s): No, my name is Paolo. Continue this exercise around the room with each of the students. If a student makes a mistake, touch your ear to signal that the student should listen and then repeat his/her answer accenting what the student should have said. Part II: Expand to Include 'His' and 'Her' Teacher: (Model a question to yourself changing places in the room, or changing your voice to indicate that you are modeling. ) Is her name Jennifer? No, her name isnt Jennifer. Her name is Gertrude. Teacher: (Model a question to yourself changing places in the room, or changing your voice to indicate that you are modeling. ) Is his name John? No, his name isnt John. His name is Mark. (Make sure to accent the differences between her and his) Teacher: Is his name Gregory? (ask a student) Student(s): Yes, his name is Gregory. OR No, his name isnt Gregory. His name is Peter. Continue this exercise around the room with each of the students. If a student makes a mistake, touch your ear to signal that the student should listen and then repeat his/her answer accenting what the student should have said. Part III: Having Students Ask Questions Teacher: Is her name Maria? (ask a student) Teacher: Paolo, ask John a question. (Point from one student to the next indicating that he / she should ask a question thereby introducing the new teacher request ask a question, in the future you should then use this form instead of pointing to move away from the visual to the aural.) Student 1: Is his name Jack? Student 2: Yes, his name is Jack. OR No, his name isnt Jack. His name is Peter. Continue this exercise around the room with each of the students. Part IV: Possessive Pronouns Its a good idea to teach possessive pronouns together with possessive adjectives.   Teacher:  Is that book yours?  (ask yourself to model) Teacher: Yes, that book is mine. (Make sure to accent yours and mine) Alessandro ask Jennifer about her pencil.   Student 1:  Is that pencil yours? Student 2:  Yes, that pencil is mine.   Continue this exercise around the room with each of the students. Move on to his and hers in the same manner. Once completed, begin to mix the two forms together. First alternating between my and mine and then alternating between other forms. This exercise should be repeated a number of times.   Teacher: (holding up a book)  This is my book. The book is mine.   Write the two sentences on the board. Ask students to repeat the two sentences with various objects they have. Once finished with my and mine continue with your and yours, his and hers. Teacher:  That is your computer. The computer is yours. etc.

Using Cell Phones While Driving Essay

Using Cell Phones While Driving Essay Free Online Research Papers When a cell phone goes off in a classroom or at a concert, we are irritated, but at least our lives are on the road, however, irresponsible cell phone users are more than irritating: They are putting our lives at risk. Many of us have witnessed drivers so distracted by dialing and chatting that they resemble drunk drivers, weaving between lanes, for example, or nearly running down pedestrians in crosswalks. A number of bills to regulate the use of cell phones on the road have been introduced in state legislatures, and the time has come to push for their passage. Regulation is needed because drivers using phones are seriously impaired and because laws on negligent and reckless driving are not sufficient to punish offenders. No one can deny that cell phones have caused traffic deaths and injuries. Cell phones were implicated in three fatal accidents in November 1999 alone. Early in November, two-year-old Morgan Pena was killed by a driver distracted by his cell phone. Morgan’s mother, Patti Pena, reports that the driver â€Å"ran a stop sign at 45 mph, broadsided my vehicle and killed Morgan as she sat in her car seat.† A week later, corrections officer Shannon Smith, who was guarding prisoners by the side of the road, was killed by a woman distracted by a phone call (Besthoff). On Thanksgiving weekend that same month, John and Carole Hall were killed when a Naval Academy midshipman crashed into their parked car. The driver said in court that when he looked up from the cell phone he was dialing, he was three feet from the car and had no time to stop (Stockwell B8). Expert testimony, public opinion, and even cartoons suggest that driving while phoning is dangerous. Frances Bents and expert on the relationship between cell phones and accidents estimates that between 450 and 1,000 crashes a year have some connection to cell phone use (Layton C9). In a survey published by Farmers Insurance Groups, 87% of those polled said that cell phones affect a driver’s ability, and 40% reported having close calls with drivers distracted by phones. Many cartoons have depicted the very real dangers of driving while distracted. Scientific research confirms the dangers of using phones while on the read. In 1997 an important study appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine. The authors, Donald Redelmeier and Robert Tibshirani, studied 699 volunteers who made their cell phone bills available in order to confirm the times when they had placed calls. The participants agreed to report any nonfatal collision in which they were involved. By comparing the time of a collision with the phone records, the researchers assessed the dangers of driving while phoning. Here are the results: We found that using a cellular telephone was associated with a risk of having a motor vehicle collision that was about four times as high as the among the same drivers when they were not using their cellular telephones. This relative risk is similar to the hazard associated with driving with a blood-alcohol level at the limit. (Redelmeier, D., Tibshirani, R. J. ) In reports by news media, the latter claim was exaggerated (â€Å"similar to† is not â€Å"equal to†). But the comparison with drunk driving is startling nonetheless. A 1998 study focused on Oklahoma, one of the few states to keep records on fatal accidents involving cell phones. Using police records, John M. Violanti of the Rochester Institute of Technology investigated the relation between traffic fatalities in Oklahoma and the use or presence of a cell phone. He found a nine-fold increase in the risk of fatality if a phone was being used and doubled risk simply when a phone was present in a vehicle. The latter statistic is interesting, for it suggests that those who carry phones in their cars may tend to be more negligent (or prone to distractions of all kinds) than those who do not. Some groups have argued that state traffic laws make legislation regulating cell phone use unnecessary. Sadly, this is not true. Laws regulating traffic safety vary from state to state, and drivers distracted by cell phones can get off with light punishment even when they cause fatal accidents. For example, although the midshipman mentioned earlier was charged with vehicular manslaughter for the deaths of John and Carole Hall, the judge was unable to issue a verdict of guilty. Under Maryland law. He could only find the defendant guilty of negligent driving and impose a $500 fine (Layton C1). Such a light sentence is not unusual. The driver who killed Morgan Pena in Pennsylvania received two tickets and a $50 fine and retained his driving privileges. In Georgia, a young woman distracted by her phone ran down and killed a two-year-old; her sentence was ninety days in boot camp and five hundred hours of community service (Ippolito J1). The families of the victims are understandably dist ressed by laws that lead to such light sentences. When certain kinds of driver’s behavior are shown to be especially dangerous, we wisely draft special laws making them illegal and imposing specific punishments. Running red lights, failing to stop for a school bus, and drunk driving are obvious examples; phoning in a moving vehicle should be no exception. Unlike more general laws covering negligent driving, specific laws leave little ambiguity for law officers and for judges and juries imposing punishments. Such laws have another important benefit: They leave no ambiguity for drivers. Currently, drivers can tease themselves into thinking they are using their car phones responsibly because the definition of â€Å"negligent driving† is vague. As of December 2000, twenty countries were restricting the use of cell phones in moving vehicles (Sundeen C8). In the United States, it is highly unlikely that legislation could be passed on the national level since traffic safety is considered a state and local issue. To date, only a few counties and towns have passed traffic laws restricting cell phone use. For example, in Suffolk County, New York, it is illegal for drivers to use a handheld phone for anything but an emergency call while on the road (Haughney A8). The first town to restrict the use of handheld phones was Brooklyn, Ohio (Layton C9). Brooklyn, the first community in the country to pass a seat belt law, has once again shown its concern for traffic safety. Laws passed by counties and towns have had some effect, but it makes more sense to legislate at the state level. Local laws are not likely to have the impact of state laws, and keeping track of a wide variety of local ordinances is confusing for drivers. Even a spokesperson for Verizon Wireless has said that statewide bans are preferable to a â€Å"crazy patchwork quilt of ordinances† (qtd. In Haughney A8). Unfortunately, although a number of bills have been introduced in state legislatures, as of early 2001 no state law seriously restricted use of the phones had passed largely because of effective lobbying from the wireless industry. Despite the claims of some lobbyists, tough laws regulating phone use can make our roads safer, in Japan, for example, accidents linked to cell phones fell by 75% just a month after the country prohibited using a handheld phone while driving (Haughney A8). Research suggests and common sense tells us that it is not possible to drive an automobile at high speeds, dial numbers, and carry on conversations without significant risks. When such behavior is regulated, obviously our roads will be safer. Because of mounting public awareness f the dangers of drivers distracted by phones, state legislators must begin to take the problem seriously. â€Å"It’s definitely an issue that is gaining steam around the country,† says Matt Sundeen of the National Conference of State Legislature (qtd. In Layton C9). Lon Anderson of the American Automobile Association agrees: â€Å"There is momentum building,† he says, to pass laws (qtd. In Layton C9). The time has come for states to adopt legislation restricting the use of cell phones in moving vehicles. Reference Besthoff, L. (2001). â€Å"Cell phone use increases risk of accidents, but users willing to take the risk. Retrieved November 11, 1999 from Wral-tv.com/new/wral/1999/1110-talking-driving/ Farmers Insuarnce Group. (2000-2001). â€Å"New service shows drivers have had close calls with cell phone users.† Retrieved May 8, 2000 from farmersinsurance.com/news_cellphones.html Haughney, C. (2000). â€Å"Taking Phones out of Drivers’ Hands.† Retrieved November 5, 2000 from Atlanta Journal-Constitution Layton, L. (2000). â€Å"Legislators Aiming to Disconnect Motorist.† Retrieved December 10, 2000 from The Washington Post Lowe, C. (2000). Cartoon. Retrieved July 22, 2000 from The Washington Post Pena, P. N. (2001). Patti Pena’s Letter to Car Talk. Retrieved January 10, 2001 from http://cartalk.cors.com/about/Morgan-Pena/Letter.html Redelmeier, D. A., Robert J. T. (1997). Association between Cellular-Telephone Calls and Motor Vehicle Collisions. Retrieved 1997, from New England Journal of Medicine Stockwell, J. (2000). Phone Use Faulted in Collision. Retrieved December 6, 2000 from The Washington Post Sundeen, M. (2000). Cell Phones and Highway Safety. Retrieved December 9, 2000 from http://ncsi.org/programs/esnr/cellphone.pdf Violanti, J. M. (1998). Cellular Phones and Fatal Traffic Collisions. Retrieved 1998, from Accident Analysis and Prevention Research Papers on Using Cell Phones While Driving EssayCo-Educational vs. Single Sex SchoolsGenetic EngineeringProbation OfficersChildhood Obesity EssayImpact of Breast CancerAmerican Central Banking and OilIs the Use of Psychotropic Drugs in the Treatment ofMy Air force EssayBiography of Pink FloydLegalization of Same Sex Marriages

Describe and discuss the Ebers medical papyrus and the Edwin Smith Research Paper

Describe and discuss the Ebers medical papyrus and the Edwin Smith papyrus. When and how were they found What do they contain - Research Paper Example The main study of these papyri was conducted in Berlin in the year between1954-1973 (Atta and Hussein 123). The Ebers papyrus has haphazard collection of medical texts which are organized in paragraphs which are arranged in blocks and thus addressing specific medical conditions. It contains the most voluminous medical record of the ancient Egypt known. The proof that diseases healed from magical spells, were not available in the papyrus. Issues regarding the supernatural intervention in relation to treatment and diagnosis are highlighted in paragraphs (David and Rosalie 124). Diseases discussed by the Ebers papyrus include; disease of the stomach such as intestinal parasites, anus diseases, skin diseases, head diseases, treatment of migraines, flow of urine, hair, flesh wounds and burns and extremities of the disorders (Bonn and Kitty 45). From the Edwin Smith Papyrus, we are able to point out that, they were able to treat fractured and dislocated bones. From this again we find out t hat they too treated dislocated bones and performed minor surgical procedures. On the same note, they were able to treat diseases in physical manner. However, alongside this physical treatment, they accompanied it with spiritual practices. According, to Edwin Smith Papyrus, much of the treatment involved crushing and mixing of herbs. Diseases addressed by Edwin Smith Papyrus include: tongue diseases, conditions related to dermatology, dental diseases, ear diseases, throat and nose diseases and gynecological disorders. There are also discussions regarding the diagnosis of pregnancy, treatment of tumors, trachoma, birth control and fractures (David and Rosalie 89). About seven hundred magical formulas their remedies are also contained. The papyrus notes that the heart serves as the centre of the supply of blood with the attachment of vessels to other parts of the body. Seemingly the Egyptians did know little about the kidneys and assumed the heart to be the meeting point vessels carry ing body fluids such as blood, urine, tears, and sperm. The chapter known as the Book of Hearts gives details about the mental disorders. Dementia and depression are equally covered (Haas 90). The Ancient Egyptians, like the Ancient Greeks and the Romans, have provided modern historians with grounded knowledge and evidence towards medicine and sufficient knowledge on the medical field. This evidence is particularly based on the many papyrus found in the archaeological sites. This is like in the history of man, where some of these beliefs of the Egyptians were based; myths and legends. This should not however, be disputed with the increase of knowledge of the Egyptian people who exceedingly grew in human anatomy and plain commonsense. In the Ancient Egypt the treatment of illness was no longer carried out by the common magicians and medicine men, because knowledge of diseases and their curing method had already developed. This is supported by the archaeological evidences available in the papyri (refers to physicians and doctors). This is particularly amazing, in that there are archaeological digs that have added more evidence of men titled as physicians. This means that all the knowledge about the Ancient Egypt medicine comes from the discoveries of papyrus documents. Most of these papyrus documents have come from the era of 1900 BC and 1500 BC (White and Renee 45-67). This is the evidence to the common

International Political Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Political Economy - Essay Example The traditional approaches of the IPE include the realist, liberal, and Marxist theories that existed before IPE was considered a distinct discipline academically. This paper is going to explain how the feminist IPE theory uses the concept of gender to comment on traditional theories, the insights it provides and then apply the theory to a current IPE event, institution, or conflict. The paper will also discuss the functions a hegemon should provide for the global economy, provide examples of how the United States has served as a hegemon since the end of the World War II, and thereby explain how its role has changed in the current society. Pease (2009) stated that the feminist IPE theory is one of the new approaches in international relations and its focus is to understand the effects of gender on international politics and the feminist understanding of the international processes. According to the feminist theory, gender refers to the expectations and societal norms that are appropriate for female and male behavior. For instance, men are expected by the society to participate in violent activities outside the home environment such as war while the women are expected to care and nurture children back at home. The gender analysis examines the roles of women and men in the society beyond the anatomical differences and it is clear that there are activities that can be done by both men and women (Waring, 1995). According to the ideologies presented by Waring (1995) it is can be argued that economic, social, and political relations in the society are planned around the gender identities. The Feminist IPE theory uses the co ncept of gender to challenge the hidden agendas of the traditional IPE approaches of liberalism, Marxism, and realism (Pease, 2009). Pease (2009) stated that liberalism is an approach that believes in the autonomy for

Geopolitics of the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geopolitics of the Middle East - Essay Example The transportation of many tanks of oil and the importation of goods needed by individuals in the regions shows the significance of its waterways. The widespread coastlines evident in the Persian Gulf make allow shipping. This oil-producing region can affect the financial systems of the countries that import oil from it (Zalloi, 2008). This is because; the Persian Gulf can manipulate the prices and quantities of the oil and gases they export. For instance, the US financial system can be affected since the state heavily relies on the energy produced in the Persian Gulf (Zalloi, 2008). Based on the largest percentage of oil reserves in the region, it will still enjoy special consideration (Popiden 2011). This is because; the current development in the world has increased energy consumptions. After a few decades, some of the oil producing regions except the Persian Gulf will cease to produce oil. For instance, United States is the largest energy consumer globally, and after a few years, its oil production will decrease (Popiden 2011). On the contrary, the oil production and exports will increase in the Persian Gulf, and this has made the region acquire special significance in the United States international policy. Hence, the oil reserves in the Persian Gulf are connected with the interests and control of the United States (Zalloi, 2008). Apart from the United States, other developed states like Europe, Japan, and China have invested in the region. This is to enjoy the economic progress of the region (Popiden, 2011). Additionally, they have invested recover the money used to buy oil. The dependence on oil by these developed countries makes Americans interested in controlling the oil exports in the region. Because of its strategic geographical position and its abundant resources, the region has become part of the US national security interest. For example, after the Second World War, the intention of the US has been to dominate the Persian Gulf by controlling

Invisibility And Blindness African American Novels English Literature Essay

Invisibility And Blindness African American Novels English Literature Essay Blindness and Invisibility are major topic in African American novels published in the 20th century, but often not a physical but rather psychological blindness is meant by this. It is about what the inner eye sees through the physical ones. Blindness in African American novels is often perceived to be ignorance towards black people, but we will find cases where it is the other way round. Ignorance refers to the fact that people refuse to recognize people and to notice their individuality. The two novels to be analyzed are Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison. In both novels, we find physical as well as psychological blindness. By having a look at these aspects, the thesis that sight and blindness are central topics in the novels can be proven. The paper will analyze both forms of blindness in the novels. In doing so, also physical blindness and eye metaphors will be analyzed. Add Brother Jack The reader encounters Brother Jacks blindness quite late in the novel. On page 381, he Because of the fact that he has only one blind eye, he managed to stay independent. He does not need to rely completely on other peoples eyes as he has one that works. To begin with, one should first have a look at the physical blindness in the two novels. The blind character in Wights work is Mrs. Dalton and in Invisible Man it is Reverend A. Barbee. Both characters can be considered to have a symbolic meaning in the novels. They represent the real blindness and contrast it with people who are able to see with their eyes but obtain psychological blindness. Rev. Barbee is a completely blind person and he tries to hide this by wearing dark glasses during his service. In case somebody did not know he was unable to see, it would be hard to notice it. The Invisible Man and the other people sitting in the audience only notice it because he fell down and lost his glasses (Ellison 113). As a blind person, he has to rely completely on what other people tell him about the world. Because of the fact that he is so dependent on other people, he trusts or rather has to trust other people more. This trust makes him vulnerable. For examples, he believes Bledsoe t o be honest when he tells Barbee that he is going to preach to black college students only. This brings the Reverend in an embarrassing situation, as he talks about the black identity, the integration of the black people and calls the audience daughters and granddaughters, sons and grandsons, of slaves (101). It seems as if Bledsoe only uses Barbee to impress guests and not because Bledsoe likes Barbee and the way he preaches. Due to his inability to see the reality, he flees into his ideal world of religion and feels comfortable under the protection of God. Now the physical blindness of Mrs. Dalton will be analyzed. She is the only character who really is blind and therefore represents the real blindness in the book. As she is not able to see, she depends on other people telling her how the world and its people look like. The fact that she relies on other people telling her how to perceive her surroundings leads to the fact that she gets influenced by them and their prejudices. For example, she is not capable to see that Biggers skin color is different and this is the reason why she should not treat him differently. Nevertheless, she does so because the people in her environment constantly tell her that he is a black, poor guy who needs their support and needs a job to improve his conditions in life. One could argue that she is not only physically, but also psychologically blinded by prejudices because he environment makes her to act like this. In contrast to her husband, she will never be able to see again and to get rid of prejudices. She will always have to rely on other peoples opinions and on their eyes. In case her husband never opens his eyes and starts to see Bigger (and everyone who is like him) as an individual, Mrs. Dalton will always stay in his situation. The next section of the paper is concerned with psychological blindness. In the first part of it, eye metaphors found in Ellisons novel will be analyzed to prove that there are a lot of allusions made to the human eye. The second part of it deals with blindness and invisibility in Native Son. In the following three metaphors that are concerned with the eye are presented. Ellison used these metaphors as a tool to remind the reader that the bock is about sight and blindness. We find a lot of these reminders throughout the whole novel. The first one that can be found in the novel is in the scene of the battle royal. The black men that fight against each other have to wear blindfolds, which make them unable to see their surroundings. The boys fighting in the ring are not only physically blind, but also emotionally. They do not feel how the white people sitting in the outside of the ring are amused by them and how their reactions are. They do not see that they are only used to entertain t hem and that there will be no gold or other rewards waiting for them after the battle. They are blinded what the white people told them and they are also so blinded that they do not wonder about the gold bars being under electric power. In contrast to the black people fighting in the ring, the whites watching them also seem to be blinded, as they are not able to recognize the humanity and individuality of the fighters. Even though the audience and the fighters have very different roles in this scene, there seems to be a similarity between the two groups. They are both blind. Although there is the ring between them, there is blindness on both sides of the ring. The next metaphor I want to refer to can be found in the hospital scene, in which the Invisible Man wakes up after an accident in the paint factory. When he first opens his eyes, he feels very dizzy and describes his first sights as follows: sitting in a cold, white rigid chair and a man was looking at [him] out of a bright th ird eye that glowed from the centre of his forehead (188 Penguin). The narrator is too confused and too dizzy to notice that the third eye he is talking about is a simple stethoscope. After the man has gone out of the room, the narrator still seems to feel the presence of the third eye: the bright eye still burning into [his] (189 Penguin). This symbolizes the importance of the third eye to the Invisible Man because he takes its presence and its impact on him very serious. Nonetheless, the narrator does not know what to do with this experience and does not know what to think of it. He seems very confused. It seems as if the narrator feels to be observed by the third eye. During the scene in which he gets the electric shocks, we can notice a lot of other words that refer to the topic of sight or eyes. On page 190 (penguin), he sees a circle of light and a woman with gold nose glasses. In addition to this, he sees someone that looks at the Invisible Man with eyes behind the thick glas ses blinking as though noticing [him] for the first time (190 penguin). All this refers to the narrators feeling of being watched steadily. The third and last metaphor to be mentioned here is that of the dark sunglasses. When the narrator disguises with some new clothes to flee from Ras the Exhorter, he buys dark sunglasses to hide himself. They are so dark that he cannot see properly. Thus, the sunglasses do not only make him invisible, but also change his own view of the world, as he sees it as this: the streets swarmed in a green vagueness (388 Penguin) and faces were a mysterious blur (389 Penguin). The new sunglasses have two functions in his life: In the first place, they provide him protection, as nobody can recognize him (one woman even thinks he is Rinehart). In the second place, they provide him with blindness, which prevents him from seeing the real world. Another aspect that points to the importance of blindness in Invisible Man is the fact that some names of the characters make allusions to blindness. The reader is consciously or unconsciously aware of them, but it is clear that it contributes to the overall shape of the book. One of these characters is Reverend Homer A. Barbee. His name alludes to blindness, as Homer, a Greek poet, was blind as well. It is believed that the name Homer came from the Greek ho mÄâ€Å" horÃ…Â n, which means the person who does not see. His surname Barbee can be linked to the famous Barbie doll, which was launched on the market a couple of years before the novel was published. The doll represented an ideal world in which little girls flee, similar to Barbees ideal world of religion. Another aspect that might be comparable is the fact that the Barbie doll spread as successful through the world as once Christianity did. In the next chapter I would like to focus on the psychological blindness in Wrights Native Son. Biggers own blindness and the blindness of the people in his environment should be analyzed. Psychological blindness arises a lot of problems in the characters lives. Having a look at Biggers blindness, there are several hints in the novel which propose that is unable to see clearly and thus suffers from a lack of reality. In the very beginning of the novel, the author makes an illusion to physical blindness because Bigger is rubbing his eyes (Wright 7). In a this state, when you have just woken up and cannot see clearly, a person is almost blind and also thinking is not that easy. No matter what Bigger does in the next moment after waking up, this action will be very unconscious or even intuitively, because he cannot see properly nor is he able to think about his behavior. He can only act like an animal and is blind to his environment. A similar scene is that in which Bigger threatens his friend Gus, holding a knife in his hand. Wright describes his eyes as bloodshot (40), which leads to the fact that his sight cannot be clear. A lot of other scenes can be found, in which Biggers sight seems to be disturbed. When he find himself in Marys bedroom, he feels blinded by the hazy blue light (85) and his eyes are out of focus and thus unable to perceive reality in any clear way. In the moment when Mrs. Dalton enters the room, Bigger only perceives her as a white blur (84). Also, Wright mentions that reality of it all slipped from him (222). His loss of reality and his inability to see and think properly could be an explanation for the murders of Mary and Bessie. Bigger could have been to recognize that Mrs. Dalton is already unable to see him and just be silent until she leaves the room. Instead, Bigger killed Mary. He could have easily escaped from the situation. Also, he did not understand in advance that the murder of Bessie can make his whole situation even worse than improving it. His inability to see can be made responsible for the fact that he could not think clearly and was blinded by his surroundings. He is too blind to realize what he is actually doing and what these actions mean. The reader has to understand that in the case of Bigger, real blindness and the psychological one are more connected that expected. Biggers physical blindness leads to his psychological one. Now we are going to have a look at the people in Biggers surrounding, which all refuse to see him as an individual. Mary is the first character to be analyzed in this section. She grew up in rich family, where she never had problems and always got what she wants. She does not know anything about the world outside of her ideal world. This is the reason why she is blind towards everything outside her little world and this makes it impossible for her to understand Bigger. Her unawareness of the world is also displayed in the scene where she wants to see a real place (69), where only Black people are. She always says that she is interested to see how they (the African Americans) live, but in fact she is unable to understand anything because she is so much blinded by her family. Bessie, Biggers girlfriend, brings herself into a blind position as she flees reality by drinking a lot of alcohol. By doing this, she cannot judge anymore what is right and wrong and she also not capable anymore to understand Bigger and to notice his individuality. This is the reason why he feels misunderstood. She also does not recognize that Bigger does not really love her but only uses her for his own pleasure. Biggers mother does not use alcohol, but religion and prayers to flee reality. If there is a problem, she simply praises the Lord. She is unwilling to accept that her innocent son is a murder and only prays to God, thinking that this is the only way somebody could help her son. Thus, she is not only blinded by her religion, but also by the love a mother has for her child. Even after Bigger admitted his crime she does not want to believe it. Jan and Boris May are blinded by their communist views and their goal to convince black people of its benefits. They see in Bigger only a poor boy that never really had a chance in life. In their feelings towards Bigger, there is also a lot of sympathy involved. The same could be said for the Daltons, who feels a lot of sympathy for Bigger and try to give him a chance to improve his life. For the media Bigger represents a monster. They are blinded and driven by their prejudice that black men like to rape white girls and accuse him of this crime, even though there is no real evidence for it. In sum, I can say that not only Mrs. Dalton, but a lot of other characters of Wrights Native Son were blind. They just see the stereotype of a poor American boy and not the personality that hides behind the surface. He turns into somebody that does not exist for his surroundings and thus he is invisible. One could say that the blindness that other characters have towards him leads to the fact that he is invisible. This thesis can also be applied to Ellisons Invisible Man. Although the title already suggests that the main character is invisible, it can also be deduced from its content. The Invisible Man is invisible because the people surrounding him treat him like he was not there; as if he did not exist at all. They do not care about his feelings and do not notice his individuality. For example, the Brotherhood only tries to use him for their own purposes, ignoring his own interests. In conclusion, it can be said that the human ability to see or not to see is a major topic in the two novels, as there can be found a lot of metaphors and allusions towards the characters eyes. One could even say that blindness guides the reader like a red line through the novels. The allusions made by the authors constantly remind the reader of the importance of seeing. The reader has to keep in mind that blindness can be understood in different ways. The most obvious meaning is physical blindness, which is represented by Mrs. Dalton in Native Son, and Rev. Barbee in Invisible Man. Their blindness can be transferred to other character in the novel and make them blind, too. For example, Mrs. Dalton is unable to see Bigger, not only literally, but also metaphorically, as she cannot see his individuality and his character. She is blinded by prejudices. This makes Bigger invisible for her and for many other people who are influenced by these prejudices. The psychological meaning of blin dness can be split up into an internal and external blindness. This means that a character can be blind himself (e.g. as Bigger who loses his sense of reality or Mrs. Dalton, who is really blind) or s/he can become blind or invisible for other people.

Essay --

Iowa State University has a record breaking number of students enrolled for the 2013 school year. With such a boom in new students, ISU has to find a place to house these students. Housing development companies like Breckenridge Land Acquisition of Texas have taken on the daunting task of building new student housing in Ames. Breckenridge has run into several roadblocks that have delayed building. These delays mean that prospective students like George Johnson of Sioux City, IA are still being turned away due to housing constraints. â€Å"I was ecstatic when I was accepted into Iowa State, but when they said they couldn’t get my housing in order for the school year I had to find somewhere else to go,† Johnson said. ISU reached its fifth consecutive year of growth with 33,241 students attending. That’s a 2,201 student increase just from last year. A problem arises with this booming population of students. Iowa State University has too many students that it can’t house. ISU has utilized other housing developments around Ames, such as Legacy apartments in Campustown, and Maricopa apartments in West Ames, to help with the overflow. Even with all of the new acquired properties added in to ISU’s housing, there is still a need for student housing on and off campus. Companies like Breckenridge offer a solution to this problem. Breckenridge is a subdivision of Aspen Heights, a developer of duplex and Craftsmen style townhomes. Breckenridge representatives purchased 48 acres of property on what used to be the old Ames Middle School. The property sold at auction for $2.3 million last December. Their proposed plan for building on the land could house up to 900 students. Their plan has caused a great deal of controversy in the area... ...as steadily decreased since 2000. According to the Ames Chamber of Commerce, Ames High School enrollment has dropped from 1695 students in 2000 to 1495 in 2012. Former member of Ames School Board Patricia Brown said, â€Å"We want families to get kids into the school system so that we can support our Ames schools.† So what does this mean for Iowa State students? No new development can begin on the property until the lawsuit comes to a close. Also, without the proper zoning regulations amended, Breckenridge cannot develop any new land on the property. This means no new student housing on the land for the foreseeable future. This means that students like George Johnson may find that they have nowhere to go. â€Å"It was a major setback. I’m taking classes at DMACC at the moment, but hopefully I can get my housing situation figured out by next year,† said George Johnson.

Is Math a Science Essay

Upon arriving at this topic, I had previously been asked a simple opinionated question, is math is a science, an art, or a philosophy. I thought to myself, well of course all three. Mathematics is for the most part (at least what people see) is a science; adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing, differentiating, integrating, etc. These are all very well defined operations which, for the most part, have very algorithmic solution methods. The art comes in the proofs. Typically, when formulating a proof you’re not given anywhere to start and so, just like in art, practice makes perfect. Also, when writing theorems this process is completely in reverse and the amount of creativity required is staggering. Just try drawing a conclusion from a set of fragmented, typically unrelated information (this doesn’t even have to be math related). The philosophy comes from concepts of infinity and most of set theory. A lot of early mathematics (after the Dark Age) were, for the most part, philosophers. They were fascinated by how something so simple as mathematics could model something so abstract and complicated as nature, and yet could itself become as abstract as to not be visualize-able by humans (infinite, dimensions greater than 3, etc.) So it is all three, although rarely is it simultaneously all three. One of these usually dominates while working with math at any one time. But there have been points in history where all three of coincided and it is some of the most mind-boggling and beautiful work you’ll ever see. But it had got me thinking after taking this course that is math really a science, an art, or a philosophy, though for more thought out reasons. Having an art background and studying art history front and back, I came to the idea that mathematics and art go hand in hand. (And now knowing this, I have a stronger connection as to why math would be considered an art compared to a chemical engineer who would be more likely to lean towards a more scientifical view of mathematics). Math and art have quite a long, historical relationship. The ancient Egyptians and the ancient Greeks knew about the golden ration, regarded and an aesthetically pleasing ratio, and incorporated it into the design of monuments including the Great Pyramid, the Parthenon, and the Colosseum. There are many examples of artists who have been inspired by mathematics and have studied mathematics as a means of complementing their works. The Greek sculptor Polykleitos prescribed a series of mathematical proportions for carving the ideal male nude. Renaissance painters turned to mathematics and many, including Piero della Francesca, became accomplished mathematicians themselves. Even look at Galileo Galilei, he wrote that the universe is written in the language of mathematics, and that its characters are triangles, circles, and other geometric figures. On the other hand, mathematicians have sought to interpret and analyze art through the lens of geometry and rationality. All of this made me realize that this all had to do with algorithms. Algorithms had to fit into the mathematical relation with art which then got me to the concept of algorithmic art. Algorithmic art, also known as algorithm art, is visual art explicitly generated by an algorithm. It is a subset of generative art, and is practically always executed by a computer. If executed by a computer, it is also classed as computer-generated art; typically, this is usually categorized as digital art. Fractal art and equation art are both subsets of algorithmic art. For a work of art to be considered algorithmic art, its creation must include a process based on an algorithm devised by the artist. Here, an algorithm is simply a detailed recipe for the design and possibly execution of an artwork, which may include computer code, functions, expressions, or other input which ultimately determines the form the art will take. This input may be mathematical, computational, or generative in nature. Inasmuch as algorithms tend to be deterministic, meaning that their repeated execution would always result in the production of identical artworks, some external factor is usually introduced. This can either be a random number generator of some sort, or an external body of data (which, I found, can range from recorded heartbeats to frames of a movie.) Some artists also work with organically based gestural input which is then modified by an algorithm. By this definition, algorithmic art is not to be confused with graphical methods such as generating a fractal out of a fractal program; it is necessarily concerned with the human factor (one’s own algorithm, and not one that is pre-set in a package). The artist must be concerned with the most appropriate expression for their idea, just as a painter would be most concerned with the best application of colors. By this definition, defaulting to something like a fractal generator (and using it for all or most of your creations) would in essence be letting the computer dictate the form of the final work, and not truly be a creative art. The artist’s self-made algorithms are an integral part of the authorship, as well as being a medium through which their ideas are conveyed. Though, after delving into the fact that math is and can be very well classified as an art, I do strongly agree that math is a science because I think that math can be considered a science if you look at it from the right perspective. Let’s say you have a hypothesis (imagine you are Fermat or Pythagoras). How would you prove that you were right? You would do an experiment (the proof) and arrive at a conclusion. This is the scientific method, and it does fit how mathematics is done. Sometimes it takes a while to do enough experiments to prove your theory. For one, I still cannot think of mathematics as entirely a science; the two are fundamentally different in a very important aspect: in science we have to look at reality and then give explanations, usually enlisting the aid of mathematics as a coherent language in which to frame our explanations, but mathematics is done in many other situations beyond science. Pure mathematicians are sometimes proud to claim how useless their discoveries are. In science we experiment. We go into the â€Å"real world,† observe phenomena, go back to the drawing table, and try to explain these phenomena. Then we go back out to the world, see if we can predict a new phenomenon before it happens (when we can do that we usually say that we have discovered â€Å"a fundamental law of nature†), and either smugly rest for the day, or crawl back to the drawing table, slightly disappointed if our hypothesis did not work as we intended. This, in general, is what we call the â€Å"scientific method.† Mathematics is different. Though I do agree that mathematics is becoming an experimental discipline, particularly with the recent introduction of powerful calculating machines, it does not rely on these experiments in order to claim â€Å"Eureka! I have discovered a new truth!† Mathematics requires proof, and it’s very picky about what it considers proof to be. For a scientist, ten experiments with consistent results might constitute proof, â€Å"within experimental error.† For a mathematician, a googolplex of successful experiments is not enough proof. Instead, we rely on logic, and this thing we call â€Å"common sense,† fundamental logical rules we believe no one will dispute, very basic rules. Mathematics is very often inspired by nature, but it is a purely intellectual pursuit. It is just a bunch of ideas in our heads, like philosophy. Unlike most of philosophy, there is some â€Å"glue† to it all, some fundamental unity, something we call logic, reason, order. Pure abstract reasoning. That’s why I sometimes like to say that mathematics is applied philosophy. Philosophy under the influence of very specific rules. Then there’s the aesthetics of it. The capacity of mathematics to be an art. This is one of my favorite interpretations. The sheer simplistic beauty, the awe one can feel when one reads an entire proof and understands every aspect of it, when a surprising truth is found by unsurprising means; this is a very personal experience, I think. You really have to feel it in the flesh to understand it. That flash of understanding when a complex problem has been solved. That simple marvel of seeing many unrelated ideas congregates under a single roof o f logic and order. This is what spurs the most romantic of mathematicians to keep on trying to prove that ancient conjecture. Personally, as it turns out, I do not think that anyone will really know what math really is. There may be a myriad of ways of how math can be classified, whether it is an art, a science or a philosophy. There will always be opinions for and against each concept. But as for me, my heart solely believes that math can be absolutely any of the three concepts above. I feel that maybe there are many ignorant people who do not care enough to be open minded to the fact that mathematics may in fact be all three. Who knows, I may have an opinion that can be completely inaccurate, but it wouldn’t be an opinion if it could be proved wrong.

Spaans Cookie Company

Spaans Cookie Company Competitor Analysis and Competitive Landscape for Pumpkin Spice Cookie Spaans Cookie Company has expanded, and sells its products not only in California, but also in other states. However, there are many Companies that compete with Spaans, which also bake and sell cookies. These companies include the Great American cookie Company that specializes with gourmet cookies. Great American Cookie is based in Atlanta, but it has other 290 stores all over the United States and thus, it is a big competitor to Spaans.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Spaans Cookie Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other cookie companies include Full Bloom wholesale Baking Company, which is based in California and is growing fast and Interstate Bakeries Corporation, which distributes breads and cakes all over United States. Since all these Companies have their own marketing strategies, Spaans continues to come up with many strategies to st ay at the competitive edge (Spaans Cookie Company, 2011). One strategy that Spaans uses is defining the competitive landscape for the new product – pumpkin spice cookie. This helps the company know who the real competitors are, the type of products being sold, how the customers see the competition and the business model used by competitors. Spaans analyzes its competitors in order to learn their business tricks, and this is done through going to the competitors place and learning more about the business, reading more on the competitor’s website, as well as doing more research on customer reviews. Kotler Keller (2009) affirm that understanding the competitors is essential in any business developing new products. Thus, analyzing competitors has helped Spaans to point out their strengths as well as weaknesses. Some of the weakness from other companies includes lack of quality customer service and lack of variety in products. Spaans have taken advantage of its competitorà ¢â‚¬â„¢s weaknesses and has improved by getting friendlier and kind staff, reducing its prices, and more importantly, introducing the new cookie in the market. Similarly, industry knowledge has kept Spaans at the competitive edge since it was established many years ago. Pricing Strategy Despite having many marketing strategies, Spaans should consider an important pricing strategy that determines the product positioning in the market. Pricing also affects marketing elements such as products quality, channel decisions and advertising (Kotler Keller, 2009). Spaans can use many pricing approaches in pricing the pumpkin spice cookie, but the key ones include customer and competitor based pricing. Customer based pricing has many approaches such as penetration pricing, price skimming, and loss leaderAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Monroe (2003), penetration pricing entails boosting market share of a product and later increasing price after attaining the market share. With this pricing technique, Spaans can introduce the new cookie in the market at a lower as compared to other cookies in order to attract new customers. It is much easy for customers to buy the new product despite having other options due to lower price. Penetration pricing should be used to launch a new product. Likewise, price skimming entails setting a higher price to a product, which is not currently in the market. Since the new pumpkin spice cookies are seasonal products, Spaans can segment its market, and only use the skimming strategy where the supply of the product is low, but the demand is high. By use of this pricing strategy, Spaans will get higher profits before other competitors create the same product and enter in the market. Spaans Cookie Company can also use loss leaders strategy, which is a sales promotion method and entails setting a products price belo w the cost price in order to attract customers. The reason of setting products as loss leaders is to encourage customers to buy more of the company’s products varieties. Furthermore, the company can factor in competitor based pricing, which involves setting the prices inline with those from competitors because customers may consider the cheapest price. When selling such products, Spaans should come up with unique ways of attracting customers such as better customer service in order to make more sales. In conclusion, although many Baking companies are trying to make their products unique, Spaans Company strives to gain the competitive advantage since it is the main strategy to survival and achievement. The company aims at coming up with sustainable market advantages such as brand name recognition. Nevertheless, it is critical for Spaans Company to determine its strengths and its competitor’s weaknesses in order to take emerging opportunities in the market. Additionally, selecting a pricing strategy is important since price is the most visible element, despite having many marketing efforts. Price also reflects the value and benefits the product gives to its customers. Therefore, customer based pricing using the skimming strategy, among others, is seen as the most appropriate pricing approach for the new pumpkin spice cookies. References Kotler, P. Keller, K. L. (2009). Marketing Management (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Spaans Cookie Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Monroe, K.B. (2003). The Pricing Strategy Audit. London: Cambridge Strategy Publications. Spaans Cookie Company. (2011). Spaans History. Retrieved from http://spaanscookies.com/our-story.htm

Biological Weapons In History essays

Biological Weapons In History essays If used in numbers, atomic bombs not only can nullify any nation's military effort, but can demolish its social and economic structure and prevent their re-establishment for long periods of time. With such weapons, especially if employed in conjunction with other weapons of mass destruction such as pathogenic bacteria, it is quite possible to depopulate vast areas of the earth's surface, leaving only vestigial remnants of man's material works. -Report of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Operation Crossroads, June 30, 1947 Biological weapons have a long history in warfare. The first accounts of biological warfare date to the 6th century B.C. when the Assyrians poisoned the wells of their enemies with rye ergot (a disease of rye and other cereals caused by ergot fungus, similar in effect to LSD) and again when Solon of Athens poisoned an aqueduct with hellebore, (an herb purgative) during the siege of Kirrha. During a naval battle in 184 B.C. against King Eumenes of Pergamon, Hannibals forces hurled clay pots filled with venomous snakes onto the enemys decks. Hannibal defeated the Pergamene, as they were forced to fight man and snake. Can biological weapons used throughout history be classified as weapons of mass destruction such as modern day nuclear, biological or chemical weapons? In modern times we know nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons as weapons of mass destruction, but can we say that biological attacks that occurred as early as the 6th century B.C. were intended to produce the mass casualties that we now know bacterial, virulent and toxic weapons are capable of producing? Can these battles over 2,500 years ago be considered the first in the long history of the biological weapons age? It is understood today that nuclear, biological and chemical weapons are meant to decimate an enemy forces ability to fight by killing, seriously injuring, or incapacitating the enemy through its physiologica...

Variable Costing and Samanta Shoes Research Paper

Variable Costing and Samanta Shoes - Research Paper Example Transportation costs are directly proportional to production cost. Transportation of raw materials from one area will affect the shoe price. Materials that are outsourced from remote locations will, therefore, increase the price of the shoe. Research and development costs are directly proportional to the production cost of shoes. Increased research and development will lead to higher shoe prices. Manufacturing of new shoes based on intensive research will also lead to increased shoe prices. 2. Founders’ decision making is mainly influenced by the variable costing method that is mainly affected by production levels. Variable costs are directly proportional to production levels. Absorption costing allows incomes to increase as production levels rise. Use of absorption costing by the management artificially inflates the incomes of the company (Horngren, Datar, & Rajan. p 45). Absorption costing in the period of production depicts that fewer costs are incurred and more income for the

Preoperative Fasting Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Preoperative Fasting - Research Proposal Example Patients will therefore be challenged to add personal efforts such as exercising to help them recover quicker. This can be tested by comparing two patients – one who exercises and another who does not. This hypothesis is interesting to me because it helps in making the work of the practitioner quite easier. This hypothesis will defeat any beliefs associated with level of recovery and gender. Rather, patients will be educated that for them to recover quickly, they need to pay frequent attention to their medications. This will be measured by assessing the recovering rates of people of both genders who take their medications in given format. This hypothesis will challenge patients to keep to nursing instructions without putting their trust in the experience of the nurses. There could be both qualitative and quantitative testing of the hypothesis as the working years of nurses can be calculated but then the compliance and recovering rate in patients must be done qualitatively (Kerlinger, 1986). This is an interesting hypothesis that will make patients responsible to complaining to nursing instructions. This hypothesis will promote monitored treatment to smoking addiction at the hands of health professional. This is because the level of recovery from smoking, if tested to be more efficient at the hands of professional will win more patients to following that path (Heppner, Kivlighan, and Wampold,